What are the immediate steps to take if someone goes into a diabetic coma?

 What are the immediate steps to take if someone goes into a diabetic coma?

If someone goes into a diabetic coma, immediate action is critical to ensure their safety and well-being. Here are the steps to take, supported by guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO):

1. Assess the Situation Quickly

Begin by checking if the person is responsive. Gently shake them or call their name loudly. If they do not respond, they may be in a diabetic coma, which can result from either very high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) or very low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).

2. Check Vital Signs

Ensure the person is breathing and has a pulse. If there are any signs of difficulty breathing or if they have stopped breathing, call emergency services immediately and begin CPR if trained to do so.

3. Call Emergency Services

Dial emergency services right away. Provide them with clear information: mention that the person has diabetes, describe their current condition, and give your location. This information helps emergency responders prepare adequately.

4. Position the Person Safely

Place the individual on their side in the recovery position. This prevents choking in case they vomit and keeps their airway clear. Make sure their head is tilted back slightly to open the airway.

5. Do Not Give Food or Drink

Do not attempt to give the person any food or drink. This is particularly important if they are unconscious or semi-conscious, as it could cause choking or aspiration.

6. Monitor Blood Glucose Levels

If you have access to a glucometer, check their blood glucose level. This information can be vital for the paramedics. Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) typically shows levels above 13.9 mmol/L (250 mg/dL), while hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) shows levels below 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL).

7. Administer Glucagon if Trained

If the person is experiencing hypoglycemia and you have been trained to use a glucagon injection, administer it immediately. Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels and can be lifesaving in cases of severe hypoglycemia.

8. Stay with the Person

Remain with the person until medical help arrives. Monitor their condition and be ready to provide any additional information to the paramedics. Keeping calm and providing reassurance can also help.

9. Follow Up Care

Once the emergency is under control and the individual is in medical care, ensure they receive a thorough evaluation. Doctors will need to determine the cause of the diabetic coma and adjust their diabetes management plan accordingly. This may include changes to medication, diet, or lifestyle.

WHO Guidelines on Diabetic Emergencies

The WHO emphasizes the importance of recognising the signs of diabetic emergencies, such as confusion, excessive sweating, rapid heartbeat, and loss of consciousness. Proper education and preparation can significantly improve outcomes in these situations.

Preventative Measures

To prevent future incidents, it is crucial to maintain good diabetes management. This includes regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, adhering to prescribed medication regimens, following a balanced diet, and engaging in regular physical activity. Education about the symptoms and immediate actions to take in diabetic emergencies should be provided to family members and caregivers.

In conclusion, quick and informed action can save lives in the event of a diabetic coma. By following these steps, based on WHO guidelines, you can effectively manage the situation and provide critical support until professional medical help arrives.